Nigerians don’t hate their country: Exploring Nostalgia, Belonging and Diasporic Agency among Nigerians in the Diaspora

Abstract

This paper explores the complex relationship between Nigerians in the diaspora and their perceptions of national identity and patriotism. Despite persistent socio-political challenges in Nigeria, many Nigerians abroad maintain strong emotional and cultural ties to their homeland. Using transnationalism as a theoretical framework, the study investigates how diasporic Nigerians reconcile their love for their country with frustrations over governance and infrastructural deficits. Based on qualitative interviews with returnee migrants, it examines expressions of national pride, identity preservation, and the influence of distance on identity. Findings reveal a layered form of patriotism, diasporic Nigerians often express deep affection for Nigeria through nostalgia, remittances, and advocacy, even while remaining critically aware of the nation’s systemic failures. This duality challenges simplistic notions of patriotism as either loyalty or disloyalty, showing instead that critique and commitment can coexist. The study further highlights the agency of diaspora Nigerians as cultural ambassadors, political critics, and development actors. Their lived experiences and contributions reflect a dynamic engagement with the homeland that extends beyond economic support. As such, the paper argues for a reimagining of Nigeria’s approach to diaspora relations. Rather than treating the diaspora merely as remittance senders, the Nigerian government should recognise them as essential partners in national development and global representation. Through this effort, Nigeria can harness the diaspora’s transformative potential to rebuild trust, support reforms, and shape a more inclusive national narrative.